Monday, 10 November 2014

Sassoon's Declaration of a Soldier


I am making this statement as an act of willful defiance of military authority, because I believe that the War is being deliberately prolonged by those who have the power to end it. I am a soldier, convinced that I am acting on behalf of soldiers. I believe that this War, on which I entered as a war of defense and liberation, has now become a war of aggression and conquest. I believe that the purpose for which I and my fellow soldiers entered upon this war should have been so clearly stated as to have made it impossible to change them, and that, had this been done, the objects which actuated us would now be attainable by negotiation. I have seen and endured the sufferings of the troops, and I can no longer be a party to prolong these sufferings for ends which I believe to be evil and unjust. I am not protesting against the conduct of the war, but against the political errors and insincerities for which the fighting men are being sacrificed. On behalf of those who are suffering now I make this protest against the deception which is being practised on them; also I believe that I may help to destroy the callous complacency with which the majority of those at home regard the contrivance of agonies which they do not, and which they have not sufficient imagination to realize.

Write down Sassoon's thoughts and feelings about WW1 (in note form) and any language analysis, such as the persuasive techniques that Sassoon employs.
 

Thursday, 6 November 2014

Wider Reading Extracts / Texts

Some more wider reading extracts:


‘Methods of Barbarism’ – Vera Brittain

…As a nurse in France during the last War, I myself had to care for ten of the first mustard gas cases that came down from the Battle of Cambrai in 1917. Remembering the sufferings of those gassed men and the small percentage of recoveries in the hospital, I for one am thankful for the development of public opinion which has caused the belligerent nations to observe up to date the Poison Gas Convention of 1925, and to deny themselves the dreadful fruit of their scientific researches in this field, even though war itself continues.

But we have no reason to be complacent for refraining, like the Nazis, from this type of chemical warfare. The tortures to which we have subjected citizens, including children, in our 'saturation raids' far exceed the sufferings caused by poison gas between 1914 and 1918. I venture to prophesy with complete confidence that the callous cruelty which has caused us to destroy innocent human life in Europe's most crowded cities, and the vandalism which has obliterated historic treasures in some of her loveliest, WILL APPEAR TO FUTURE CIVILISATION AS AN EXTREME FORM OF CRIMINAL LUNACY WITH WHICH OUR POLITICAL AND MILITARY LEADERS DELIBERATELY ALLOWED THEMSELVES TO BECOME AFFLICTED.

We can do no less than seek an answer to each new excursion into the dark abyss of inhuman barbarity, for as we become more sensitive and intelligent creatures, our capacity for good and evil alike increases with our knowledge.

It may take centuries yet to abolish war altogether, but within those centuries the terrible refinement of scientific inventions may first abolish man unless he deliberately restrains himself from employing them. One fact, at any rate, emerges from the story of our own mass bombing, by which our leaders have surpassed even the savageries of the Thirty Years' War, and have brought about a still more disastrous setback to the influence of Christianity and of chivalry. If the nations of the world cannot agree, when peace returns, to refrain from the use of the bombing aeroplane as they have refrained from using poison gas, then mankind itself deserves to perish from the epidemic of moral insanity which today afflicts our civilisation.

But there is no need to wait for the end of the War before we consider exactly what we are doing, and decide whether we desire the Government which we elected to continue a policy of murder and massacre in the name of the British people. It is now too late to save many of Europe's finest cities, to restore historic treasures reduced to rubble, or to bring back to life more than a million German and ex-allied civilians. But even though we knew that the rest of the Continent must fall victim to the vandalism of our politicians, the obligation would still lie upon us who repudiate their criminal policy to assert, loudly and clearly, that their deeds are not done by our will or with our consent.
 
 
 
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Hamilton Fyfe went to France on the outbreak of the First World War.

To me at first it was an exciting novelty. The thrill of romance was in it still. All that I had read about war (nearly all of it rubbish) flooded my mind with ideas of pomp and circumstance, of shrewd intellects contending for advantage, of marching columns and flying cavalry doing as those intellects planned. What a fool I was! How quickly I learned that war is above all dullness; that those who direct it - or let it take its own course - are mostly pompous, incompetent dullards; that, like all other machinery, the machinery of war has escaped from the control of its users; that the task of soldiers is to cower in trench dug-outs and have hell rained upon them. However, for the moment, before I had seen anything of it, war appeared to be a tremendous event, full of colour, fine in quality; and I was going to report it.

The whole country swarmed already with soldiers. Most of them were middle-aged, none of their uniforms fitted. They wore the absurd red trousers below the blue coat which had been in fashion since Napoleon's time. I recall a conversation with a French journalist who assured me that the army would lose all spirit if its red trousers were taken away. He would not listen to me when I said the uniform would have to be altered, as the British red coats were changed to khaki in South Africa. That was the general attitude of Frenchmen.

 

 In September 1914, Lord Kitchener, Britain's War Minister, banned journalists from the Western Front. Hamilton Fyfe attempted to overcome this problem by joining the Red Cross.

 

The ban on correspondents was still being enforced, so I joined a French Red cross detachment as a stretcher bearer, and though it was hard work, managed to send a good many despatches to my paper. I had no experience of ambulance or hospital work, but I grew accustomed to blood and severed limbs and red stumps very quickly. Only once was I knocked out. We were in a schoolroom turned into a operating theatre. It was a hot afternoon. We had brought in a lot of wounded men who had been lying in the open for some time; their wounds crawled with lice. All of us had to act as aids to our two surgeons. Suddenly I felt the air had become oppressive. I felt I must get outside and breathe. I made for the door, walked along the passage. Then I found myself lying in the passage with a big bump on my head. However, I got rid of what was troubling my stomach, and in a few minutes I was back in the schoolroom. I did not suffer in that way again.

What caused me discomfort far more acute - because it was mental, not bodily - were the illustrations of the bestiality, the futility, the insanity of war and of the system that produced war as surely as land uncultivated produces noxious weeds: these were now forced on my notice every day. The first cart of dead that I saw, legs sticking out stiffly, heads lolling on shoulders, all the poor bodies shovelled into a pit and covered with quicklime, made me wonder what the owners had been doing when they were called up, crammed into uniforms, and told to kill, maim, mutilate other men like themselves, with whom they had no quarrel. All of them had left behind many who would be grieved, perhaps beggared, by their taking off. And all to no purpose, for nothing.

 
 ********************************************************
 
 
Two Fusiliers - Robert Graves
AND have we done with War at last?
Well, we’ve been lucky devils both,
And there’s no need of pledge or oath
To bind our lovely friendship fast,
By firmer stuff
Close bound enough.
 
By wire and wood and stake we’re bound,
By Fricourt and by Festubert,
By whipping rain, by the sun’s glare,
By all the misery and loud sound,
By a Spring day,
By Picard clay.
 
Show me the two so closely bound
As we, by the red bond of blood,
By friendship, blossoming from mud,
By Death: we faced him, and we found
Beauty in Death,
In dead men breath

 
 

Recommended Wider Reading List


Recommended Wider Reading

Prose Fiction

·       Susan Hill Strange Meeting

·       Pat Barker Regeneration

·       Pat Barker The Eye in the Door

·       Pat Barker The Ghost Road

·       Sebastian Barry A Long, Long Way

·       Siegfried Sassoon Memoirs of an Infantry Officer

·       Ernest Hemingway A Farewell to Arms

·       Eric Remarque All Quiet on the Western Front

 

Prose Non-Fiction

·       Robert Graves Goodbye to All That

·       Edmund Blunden Undertones of War

·       Vera Brittain Testament of Youth

 

Drama

·       Peter Whelan The Accrington Pals

·       Joan Littelwood Oh! What a Lovely War

·       Ben Curtis Blackadder Goes Forth

 

Poetry

·       e.d. Catherine Reilly Scars Upon My Heart

·       Christopher Martin War Poems

 

Blog names of 12E and 12C

Here are the names, just in case you didn't get them all:



Miss Prosser – ww1plantsbrook.blogspot.co.uk

James – jamesjohnsonenglishlit.blogspot.co.uk

George – georgepattersonplantsbrook.blogspot.co.uk

Ellie T – seeking-a-great-blogspot.co.uk

Rachel – rachelliteraturestuff.blogspot.co.uk

Danielle – daniellepidgeonenglish.blogspot.co.uk

Elly H – ellyandenglishlit.blogspot.co.uk

Romy – romysliterature.blogspot.co.uk

Sophia – sophia-englishlit.blogspot.co.uk

Alex – alexww1reading.blogspot.co.uk

Mia – mia09sunderland.blogspot.com

Natasja – jyllandsliterature.blogspot.com

Thasin – thasincenglishliterature.blogspot.co.uk


Kale – kaleday.blogspot.co.uk

Jemima – mimakeight.blogspot.co.uk

Erin – erinhowell98.blogspot.com

Dannii-Louise – danniilouise.blogspot.com

Elizabeth – elizabethnicholl.blogspot.com

More Wider Reading Extracts / Texts

Here are some wider reading extracts:


A Letter Home (To Robert Graves)

I

Here I'm sitting in the gloom
Of my quiet attic room.
France goes rolling all around,
Fledged with forest May has crowned.
And I puff my pipe, calm-hearted,
Thinking how the fighting started,
Wondering when we'll ever end it,
Back to hell with Kaiser sent it,
Gag the noise, pack up and go,
Clockwork soldiers in a row.
I've got better things to do
Than to waste my time on you.

II

Robert, when I drowse to-night,
Skirting lawns of sleep to chase
Shifting dreams in mazy light,
Somewhere then I'll see your face
Turning back to bid me follow
Where I wag my arms and hollo,
Over hedges hasting after
Crooked smile and baffling laughter,
Running tireless, floating, leaping,
Down your web-hung woods and valleys,
Where the glowworm stars are peeping,
Till I find you, quiet as stone
On a hill-top all alone,
Staring outward, gravely pondering
Jumbled leagues of hillock-wandering.

III

You and I have walked together
In the starving winter weather.
We've been glad because we knew
Time's too short and friends are few.
We've been sad because we missed
One whose yellow head was kissed
By the gods, who thought about him
Till they couldn't do without him.
Now he's here again; I've been
Soldier David dressed in green,
Standing in a wood that swings
To the madrigal he sings.
He's come back, all mirth and glory,
Like the prince in a fairy tory.
Winter called him far away;
Blossoms bring him home with May.

IV

Well, I know you'll swear it's true
That you found him decked in blue
Striding up through morning-land
With a cloud on either hand.
Out in Wales, you'll say, he marches
Arm-in-arm with aoks and larches;
Hides all night in hilly nooks,
Laughs at dawn in tumbling brooks.
Yet, it's certain, here he teaches
Outpost-schemes to groups of beeches.
And I'm sure, as here I stand,
That he shines through every land,
That he sings in every place
Where we're thinking of his face.

V

Robert, there's a war in France;
Everywhere men bang and blunder,
Sweat and swear and worship Chance,
Creep and blink through cannon thunder.
Rifles crack and bullets flick,
Sing and hum like hornet-swarms.
Bones are smashed and buried quick.
Yet, through stunning battle storms,
All the while I watch the spark
Lit to guide me; for I know
Dreams will triumph, though the dark
Scowls above me where I go.
You can hear me; you can mingle
Radiant folly with my jingle.
War's a joke for me and you
While we know such dreams are true!


 

World War One Diary of A. W. Miller

Sept. 29th 1918.

This has been a day of violence and death. Ten men in my platoon, including myself, were selected to go Over the Top with the machine gun company when the big attach started at 6am. We took up our position in a trench as per orders and stood waiting for zero hour. As near as I can recall, I wasn't afraid, but I realized fully, as I glanced out over No Man’s Land, that many of us would die there very soon. Dawn was just breaking when suddenly a Verey signal light went up and then with one accord thousands of guns opened fire and filled the air overhead with shrieking shells. The earth shook, and for a moment I was dazed by the awful magnitude of the barrage. We scrambled over the parapet, dragging our one pounder behind us but before we had advanced many hundreds of yards a German shell blew up our gun and wounded Donnelly & Campano. A piece of shrapnel crashed through a steel mirror which I carried in my left breast pocket, but didn't penetrate through a thick package of letters underneath. I was knocked down, and almost lost consciousness. By this time the Germans had put up a terrific counter barrage and I was caught in the open. I dove headlong into a small shell hole, just made, and lay there wondering how long it would be before I went west. Shells were exploding all around me but I was hit only by chunks of flying dirt. I realized that my chances of living through a barrage in that small shell hole were very slender, so muttering a half forgotten prayer I ran hell bent for election to a trench.
 
‘Kill the Lice’ – Robert Graves
'At stand-to rum and tea were served out. I had a look at the German trenches through a periscope - a streak of sandbags four hundred yards away. Some of these were made of coloured stuff, whether for camouflage or from a shortage of plain canvas I do not know. There was no sign of the enemy, except for a wisp or two of wood-smoke where they, too, were boiling up a hot drink. Between us and them was a flat meadow with cornflowers, marguerites and poppies growing in the long grass, a few shell holes, the bushes I had seen the night before, the wreck of an aeroplane, our barbed wire and theirs. A thousand yards away was a big ruined house, behind that a red-brick village (Auchy), poplars and haystacks, a tall chimney, another village (Haisnes). Half- right was a pithead and smaller slag-heaps. La Bassee lay half-left; the sun caught the weathervane of the church and made it twinkle.
I went off for a sleep. The time between stand-to and breakfast was the easy part of the day. The men who were not getting in a bit of extra sleep sat about talking and smoking, writing letters home, cleaning their rifles, running their thumb-nails up the seams of their shirts to kill the lice, gambling. Lice were a standing joke. Young Bumford handed me one like this. 'We was just having an argument as to whether it was best to kill the old ones or the young ones, sir. Morgan here says that if you kill the old ones, the young ones will die of grief, but Parry here, sir, he says that the young ones are easier to kill and you can catch the old ones when they come to the funeral.' He appealed to me as an arbiter. 'You've been to college, sir, haven't you?' I said: 'Yes, I had, but so had Crawshay Bailey's brother Norwich.' This was held to be a wonderfully witty answer. Crawshay Bailey is one of the idiotic songs of Wales. (Crawshay Bailey himself 'had an engine and he couldn't make it go,' and all his relations in the song had similar shortcomings. Crawshay Bailey's brother Norwich, for instance, was fond of oatmeal porridge, and was sent to Cardiff College, for to get a bit of knowledge.) After that I had no trouble with the platoon at all. Breakfast at company headquarters was bacon, eggs, coffee, toast and marmalade. There were three chairs and two ammunition-boxes to sit on. Accustomed to company commanders in England not taking their junior officers into their confidence, I was struck by the way that questions of the day were settled at meal-times by a sort of board-meeting with Dunn as chairman. On this first morning there was a long debate as to the best way of keeping sentries awake. Dunn finally decided to issue a company order against sentries leaning up against the traverse; it made them sleepy. Besides, when they fired their rifles the flash would come always from the same place. The Germans might fix a rifle on the spot after a time. I told Dunn of the bullet that came between Beaumont and myself. 'Sounds like a fixed rifle,' he said, 'because not one aimed shot in a hundred comes as close as that at night. And we had a chap killed in that very traverse the night we came in.' The Bavarian Guards Reserve were opposite us at the time and their shooting was good. They had complete control of the sniping situation. '

Tuesday, 2 September 2014

Year 12:

I have posted some links here for you to check out:

A really helpful blog which helped my students last year with everything World War One: http://movehimintothesun.wordpress.com/

AQA Specification for English Literature AS and A Level. (Make sure you check for the World War One Literature).
http://filestore.aqa.org.uk/subjects/specifications/alevel/AQA-2740-W-SP-14.PDF